Derivatives are financial instruments whose value depend upon (or derived from) other assets, known as underlying assets.
The derivative itself is a contract between two parties. Futures contracts, forward contracts, options and swaps are the most common types of derivatives. The most common underlying assets include stocks, bonds, commodities, currencies, interest rates and market indexes. Most derivatives are characterized by high leverage.
Derivatives are generally used to hedge risk. The instruments can also serve as an alternative to investment in the underlying asset of the index.